Resolution of iron deficiency following successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori in children

Abstract Aim To assess correlation between successful Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication and resolution of iron deficiency in children, without iron supplementation. Methods Medical records of children diagnosed with HP infection based on endoscopy were retrospectively reviewed. Among those with non‐anaemic iron deficiency (NAID) or iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), haemoglobin, ferritin and CRP levels were compared prior and 6–9 months’ post‐successful HP eradication. Predictors of resolution of iron deficiency following HP eradication were assessed. Results Among 60 included children (median age 14.8, IQR12.3–16 years; 62% males), 35% had IDA while the remaining 65% had NAID. Following successful HP eradication, iron normalised in 60% of patients with iron deficiency (ID), without iron supplementation. There were significant improvements in haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations following HP eradication with haemoglobin increasing from 12.3 g/dL to 13.0 g/dL and ferritin increasing from 6.3 μg/L to 15.1 μg/L ( p < 0.001). In multiple logistic regression, older age was the only factor associated with resolution of anaemia following HP eradication (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.16–2.35, p = 0.005). Conclusion Successful HP eradication could be helpful in improving iron status among children with refractory NAID or IDA. Older age may predict this outcome. Screening for HP might be considered in the workup of refractory IDA or ID.