Lignocellulosic derivative-chitosan biocomposite adsorbents for the removal of soluble contaminants in aqueous solutions – Preparation, characterization and applications

Biocomposites developed from lignocellulosic biomass have numerous potential applications in various sectors, including food packaging and medical technologies, wastewater treatment and purification. However, since the physicochemical properties of biocomposites are inferior to synthetic composites in various applications, it has been imperative to enhance their properties, by employing chemical and physical methods to modify their surface chemistry. In most cases, chemical methods have frequently been used due to the ability to form the intramolecular and intermolecular bonds between the polymers and the modifiers. The aim of this review is to evaluate different methods used in the preparation of bio-composites, mainly those that are comprised of lignocellulosic derivatives and chitosan biopolymer. In addition, the review will critically looks at biocomposites as biosorbent materials in the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants in aqueous solutions by investigating the different classes, different methods of preparation, their advantages, limitations and efficiency. The review will also survey the different applications particularly the success in their deployment in the water purification and treatment.