A mussel-inspired wet-adhesion hydrogel with hemostasis and local anti-inflammation for managing the development of acute wounds

Acute wounds often cause overdeveloped inflammation, which can adversely affect wound healing. Wound dressing has been widely used, but it is still challenging to achieve an effective anti-inflammation treatment due to the complex wet environment of the wounds. Here, we proposed a wound sealant, tannic acid-silk fibroin-diclofenac potassium (TA-SF-DP, TSD) hydrogels. And evaluated their wet-adhesion performance and the potency on inflammation regulation through comprehensive mechanical tests and molecular biology research. The TSD hydrogels exhibited an outstanding wet-adhesion property to porcine soft tissues even in blood (up to (38.6 ± 4.6) kPa) and strong hemostatic ability in rat tail truncation model ((reduced hemostasis time from (685 ± 55) s to (160 ± 72) s and reduced blood loss from (0.59 ± 0.07) g to (0.06 ± 0.03) g compared with the gauze group). Simultaneously, the hydrogels showed satisfactory anti-inflammatory effects (sustained reduction of inflammation at 6 h and 24 h, generally the peak and persistent state of severe postoperative reaction, respectively), which works by releasing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug DP conforming to physiological needs. Combined with the wet adhesion, anti-inflammatory property and remarkable biocompatibility, the TSD hydrogels have the potential to be a clinical wound sealant to manage acute wounds.