Nitrogen and phosphorous doped graphene quantum dots: Excellent flame retardants and smoke suppressants for polyacrylonitrile nanocomposites

聚丙烯腈 热重分析 纳米复合材料 烧焦 热稳定性 化学工程 材料科学 阻燃剂 石墨烯 化学 核化学 复合材料 燃烧 有机化学 纳米技术 聚合物 工程类
作者
Taher Rahimi-Aghdam,Zahra Shariatinia‬,Minna Hakkarainen,Vahid Haddadi‐Asl
出处
期刊:Journal of Hazardous Materials [Elsevier]
卷期号:381: 121013-121013 被引量:90
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121013
摘要

Nitrogen (N-GQD) as well as nitrogen and phosphorous co-doped (NP-GQD) graphene quantum dots were demonstrated as novel, low cost, green and highly effective flame retardants and smoke suppressants for polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanocomposites. The N-GQD and NP-GQD samples were synthesized by hydrothermal method with citric acid as the main reactant. For the first time, the flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties of the NP-GQD were studied. The GQDs were introduced into PAN by solvent blending route. Subsequently, thermal stability, flame retardancy, fire behavior, fire hazard and structure of the residual char were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UL-94 vertical burning test, cone calorimetry, FE-SEM, and Raman spectroscopy. Results showed that both PAN/N-GQD and PAN/NP-GQD nanocomposites had higher flame retardancy and smoke suppressant behavior in addition to lower fire hazard properties than neat PAN. Furthermore, the residual chars for the nanocomposite samples were increased in comparison to the neat PAN. The improvements were even more significant in case of the PAN/NP-GQD due to the synergistic effect of nitrogen and phosphorous. The improvements were mainly ascribed to the ability of the N-GQD and NP-GQD to provide stronger and larger protective char barrier layers, which was even more pronounced in case of the NP-GQD.
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