Exploring the link between scavenger receptor B1 expression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been recognized as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States; it is the third leading cause of deaths in the United States, with approximately 15 million Americans affected with COPD. Although exposure to cigarette smoke has been shown to be the main, if not the only, risk factor for COPD, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Most smokers do not develop COPD, suggesting that a combination of exposure and susceptibility (genetic background) is required. Several mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD, such as influx of inflammatory cells into the lung, imbalance between proteolytic and antiproteolytic molecules, disruption of the balance between apoptosis and replenishment of structural cells in the lung, and disruption of oxidant/antioxidant balance. The scavenger receptor BI (SRB1) plays an important role in mediating the uptake of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐derived cholesterol and cholesteryl ester in tissues. In addition to its role as the HDL receptor, SRB1 is also involved in pathogen recognition, identification of apoptotic cells, tissue antioxidant uptake (tocopherol and carotenoids), and lung surfactant composition, all factors involved in COPD pathogenesis. Therefore, it is possible that lung SRB1 levels are involved in the development of COPD.