材料科学
高定向热解石墨
石墨烯
锂(药物)
阳极
热解炭
碳纤维
离子
电极
化学物理
扩散
石墨
化学工程
纳米技术
复合数
复合材料
化学
物理化学
热力学
物理
内分泌学
工程类
有机化学
医学
热解
作者
Kristin A. Persson,Vijay A. Sethuraman,Laurence J. Hardwick,Yoyo Hinuma,Ying Shirley Meng,Anton Van der Ven,Venkat Srinivasan,Robert Kostecki,Gerbrand Ceder
摘要
Graphitic carbon is currently considered the state-of-the-art material for the negative electrode in lithium-ion cells, mainly due to its high reversibility and low operating potential. However, carbon anodes exhibit mediocre charge/discharge rate performance, which contributes to severe transport-induced surface-structural damage upon prolonged cycling, and limits the lifetime of the cell. Lithium bulk diffusion in graphitic carbon is not yet completely understood, partly due to the complexity of measuring bulk transport properties in finite-sized, non-isotropic particles. To solve this problem for graphite, we use the Devanathan-Stachurski electrochemical methodology combined with ab-initio computations to deconvolute, and quantify the mechanism of lithium-ion diffusion in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The results reveal inherent high lithium-ion diffusivity in the direction parallel to the graphene plane (ca. 10^-7 - 10^-6 cm2 s-1), as compared to sluggish lithium-ion transport along grain boundaries (ca. 10^-11 cm^2 s^-1), indicating the possibility of rational design of carbonaceous materials and composite electrodes with very high rate capability.
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