A review on the treatment of textile industry waste effluents towards the development of efficient mitigation strategy: An integrated system design approach

Amidst the exponentially growing world economy, textile industries are referred to as one of the largest contributors to the economic growth and also the biggest pollution causing production sector. The conventional methodologies for waste effluent treatment involves huge energy, time, infrastructure, material, land, manpower, and capital consumption. The presented report consists of a detailed assessment of literature review depicting the classical processes and technological innovations in the latest few decades for the degradation and abatement of dyes and other pollutants from textile waste-effluents with a proposal of a novel economic and eco-friendly cutting-edge technology. Extensive literature review on photocatalytic degradation reveals that homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysis could be developed as a true sustainable technology where the later one is complemented as more accomplishing in fruitful degradation of organic pollutants. But long degradation time and low degree of removal efficiencies are still major challenges to the scientific community for providing a viable treatment process. In this circumstance, hybrid process development employing pre-clarifying stage of flocculation; degradation of waste effluent employing integrated adsorbent supported photocatalyst with a membrane integrated catalyst recovery, could be the best possible solution for sustainable treatment of liquid industrial waste effluent. Final stage membrane filtration can separate out the spent catalyst along with the discharge of reusable clean water. Such a comprehensive review is expected to initiate influential policies among the research community to combat the widespread risk of reluctant treatment practices of toxic organic pollutants generated from textile industrial houses.