Efficiency-tunable terahertz focusing lens based on graphene metasurface

This paper proposes an efficiency-tunable terahertz focusing lens based on the graphene metasurface. The unit cell is composed of two symmetrical circular graphene hollows and an intermediate dielectric layer, wherein the hollow circular middle is connected by a rectangular graphene sheet. This structure can realize polarization conversion, for example, when an incidence with left-hand circular polarization emitted on the metasurface the polarization of the transmitted light is right-hand circular polarization. According to the principle of geometric phase, by rotating the direction of the rectangular bar, the transmitted wave will carry an additional phase and can cover the range of 2π. An THz focusing lens can be realized by properly arranging the unit structure of the graphene metasurface. The simulation results show that the conversion amplitude of circular polarized light can be adjusted by changing the Fermi level of graphene, and the focusing efficiency of the metalens can also be dynamically adjusted. Therefore, this graphene metasurface-based efficiency-tunable focusing lens can be realized by changing the Fermi level without changing the size of the unit cell, and can be widely used in terahertz applications such as energy harvesting and imaging.