Glucose monitoring by reverse iontophoresis

Diabetes/Metabolism Research and ReviewsVolume 18, Issue S1 p. S49-S53 Review Article Glucose monitoring by reverse iontophoresis Russell O. Potts, Corresponding Author Russell O. Potts [email protected] Cygnus, Inc., 400 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USACygnus, Inc., 400 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.Search for more papers by this authorJanet A. Tamada, Janet A. Tamada Cygnus, Inc., 400 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USASearch for more papers by this authorMichael J. Tierney, Michael J. Tierney Cygnus, Inc., 400 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USASearch for more papers by this author Russell O. Potts, Corresponding Author Russell O. Potts [email protected] Cygnus, Inc., 400 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USACygnus, Inc., 400 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.Search for more papers by this authorJanet A. Tamada, Janet A. Tamada Cygnus, Inc., 400 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USASearch for more papers by this authorMichael J. Tierney, Michael J. Tierney Cygnus, Inc., 400 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 March 2002 https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.210Citations: 158Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Glucose can be extracted through intact skin by electro-osmotic flow (a process called 'reverse iontophoresis') upon the application of a low-level electrical current. Recently we have combined iontophoretic extraction with an in situ glucose sensor in a device called the GlucoWatch® biographer. Clinical results with this device show close tracking of blood glucose over a range of 2.2 to 22.2 mmol/l for up to 12 h using a single blood glucose value as calibration. The biographer readings lag behind blood glucose values by an average of 18 min. An analysis of data from 92 diabetic subjects in a controlled clinical setting shows a linear relationship (r=0.88) between GlucoWatch biographer readings and blood glucose. The mean absolute relative difference between the two measurements was 15.6% and more than 96% of the data fell in the (A+B) regions of the Clarke error grid. Similar results have been obtained from subjects using the GlucoWatch biographer in an uncontrolled home environment. The automatic, frequent, and non-invasive measurements obtained with the GlucoWatch biographer provide substantially more information about glucose levels than do the current fingerstick methods. This information can be used for improved decisions about all aspects of diabetes management. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. References 1 The Diabetes Control and Complication Trial (DCCT) Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. New Engl J Med 1993; 329: 997–1036. 2 The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet 1998; 352: 837–853. 3Tamada JA, Bohannon NJV, Potts RO. 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