European Society of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2017

医学 疾病 描述性统计 人口学 环境卫生 内科学 数学 统计 社会学
作者
Adam Timmis,Nick Townsend,Chris P Gale,Rick Grobbee,Nikos Maniadakis,Marcus Flather,Elizabeth Wilkins,Lucy Wright,Rimke C. Vos,Jeroen J. Bax,Maxim Blum,Fausto J. Pinto,Panos Vardas,A Goda,Aurel Demiraj,Franz Weidinger,B Metzler,Firdovsi İbrahimov,Agnès Pasquet,Marc J. Claeys,Yolanda Thorton,Zumreta Kušljugić,Elnur Smajić,Vasil Velchev,Nikolay Ivanov,Loizos Antoniades,Petros Agathangelou,Miloš Táborský,Christian Gerdes,Margus Viigima,Pietila Mikko Juhani,Yves Juillière,Simon Cattan,Alexander Aladashvili,Christian Hamm,Karl‐Heinz Kück,Konstantinos Papoutsis,Kurt Bestehorn,Stefanos Foussas,Georgia Giannoulidou,Christos Varounis,Ioannis Kallikazaros,Róbert Gábor Kiss,Tunde Czétényi,Dávid Becker,Þórarinn Guðnason,Patricia M. Kearney,Kenneth J McDonald,Yoseph Rozenman,Batia Ziv,Leonardo Bolognese,Paola Luciolli,Giuseppe Boriani,Salim Berkinbayev,Amina Rakisheva,Erkin М Мirrakhimov,Andrejs Ērglis,Sandra Jegere,Germanas Marinskis,Jean Beissel,Nathalie Marchal,Sasko Kedev,Robert G. Xuereb,Terence Tilney,Tiziana Felice,M Popovici,Jeroen J. Bax,Barbara J.M. Mulder,Maarten Simoons,Moniek Elsendoorn,Terje K. Steigen,Dan Atar,Zbigniew Kalarus,Michał Tendera,José Silva‐Cardoso,José Paulo Agner Ribeiro,Cristina Cruz Mateus,Gabriel Tatu-Chitoiu,Petar Seferovic,Branko Beleslin,Iveta Šimková,Petra Durcikova,Veronica Belicova,Zlatko Fras,Sasa Radelj,José Ramón González‐Juanatey,Sharon Legendre,Frieder Braunschweig,Urs Philipp Kaufmann,Marjam Rüdiger-Stürchler,Lâle Tokgözoğlu,Ahmet Unver,В. Н. Коваленко,E. G. Nesukay,Anastasia Naum,Paola Thellung de Courtelary,Stéphan Martin,David Sebastiao,Daval Ghislain,Isabel Bardinet
出处
期刊:European Heart Journal [Oxford University Press]
卷期号:39 (7): 508-579 被引量:694
标识
DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx628
摘要

The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Atlas has been compiled by the European Heart Agency to document cardiovascular disease (CVD) statistics of the 56 ESC member countries. A major aim of this 2017 data presentation has been to compare high-income and middle-income ESC member countries to identify inequalities in disease burden, outcomes, and service provision. The Atlas utilizes a variety of data sources, including the World Health Organization, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, and the World Bank to document risk factors, prevalence, and mortality of cardiovascular disease and national economic indicators. It also includes novel ESC-sponsored survey data of health infrastructure and cardiovascular service provision provided by the national societies of the ESC member countries. Data presentation is descriptive with no attempt to attach statistical significance to differences observed in stratified analyses. Important differences were identified between the high-income and middle-income member countries of the ESC with regard to CVD risk factors, disease incidence, and mortality. For both women and men, the age-standardized prevalence of hypertension was lower in high-income countries (18% and 27%) compared with middle-income countries (24% and 30%). Smoking prevalence in men (not women) was also lower (26% vs. 41%) and together these inequalities are likely to have contributed to the higher CVD mortality in middle-income countries. Declines in CVD mortality have seen cancer becoming a more common cause of death in a number of high-income member countries, but in middle-income countries declines in CVD mortality have been less consistent where CVD remains the leading cause of death. Inequalities in CVD mortality are emphasized by the smaller contribution they make to potential years of life lost in high-income countries compared with middle-income countries both for women (13% vs. 23%) and men (20% vs. 27%). The downward mortality trends for CVD may, however, be threatened by the emerging obesity epidemic that is seeing rates of diabetes increasing across all the ESC member countries. Survey data from the National Cardiac Societies showed that rates of cardiac catheterization and coronary artery bypass surgery, as well as the number of specialist centres required to deliver them, were greatest in the high-income member countries of the ESC. The Atlas confirmed that these ESC member countries, where the facilities for the contemporary treatment of coronary disease were best developed, were often those in which declines in coronary mortality have been most pronounced. Economic resources were not the only driver for delivery of equitable cardiovascular health care, as some middle-income ESC member countries reported rates for interventional procedures and device implantations that matched or exceeded the rates in wealthier member countries. In documenting national CVD statistics, the Atlas provides valuable insights into the inequalities in risk factors, health care delivery, and outcomes of CVD across the ESC member countries. The availability of these data will underpin the ESC’s ambitious mission ‘to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease’ not only in its member countries but also in nation states around the world.
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