曲面(拓扑)
形态学(生物学)
杂质
热力学
材料科学
方向(向量空间)
自由度(物理和化学)
物理
几何学
数学
地质学
量子力学
古生物学
作者
Ellen D. Williams,N. C. Bartelt
出处
期刊:Science
[American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)]
日期:1991-01-25
卷期号:251 (4992): 393-400
被引量:331
标识
DOI:10.1126/science.251.4992.393
摘要
Classical thermodynamic descriptions of surfaces treat surface orientation as a thermodynamic degree of freedom and thus allow for the possibility of reversible changes in surface morphology as a function of temperature or impurity concentration. The existence of these transitions has been confirmed experimentally. Advances in surface diffraction and imaging techniques now make it possible to characterize such transitions quantitatively in terms of the atomic structure, and particularly in terms of the behavior of steps on surfaces. Statistical mechanical models can be used to analyze the observations to determine the fundamental energetic parameters governing the observed thermodynamic behavior.
科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI