Teacher–child interaction in Chinese kindergartens: an observational analysis

The goals of this research were to describe the daily life of children and teachers in Chinese kindergarten programmes, to better understand how teacher–child interactions affect both teachers and children. The main assumption guiding this research was that teacher–child interaction is one of the most important processes in early childhood education. A clear understanding of typical teacher–child interactions may help to improve teachers’ support of children’s learning and development. In‐depth field observations of 12 Chinese teachers in six classrooms were conducted using a participant‐observer approach. Five hundred and eighty‐nine teacher–child interaction cases were observed and described. An inductive content analysis of the cases resulted in the creation of nine functional categories for teacher‐initiated interactive behaviours and nine functional categories for child‐initiated interactive behaviours. In this paper, we describe these functional interaction categories and report on their relative frequency in the Chinese kindergarten classrooms involved in this study. Teacher and child interactive behaviours are complementary, depending on the shared meaning of the interaction. Some differences were found in the interactive behaviours of older and younger children with their teachers. We discuss the results in the cultural context of China and conclude that careful and systematic observation and analysis of early childhood classroom interaction is essential for better understanding and improvement of teaching practices.