Problems in electric melting of glass

The resistivity-temperature characteristics of different glasses were measured. From the relation, a criterion of stability of an electric furnace may be calculated. The release of energy around different electrodes as well as the power density distributions within the glass bath for different electrode-pair configurations are shown. The optimal connections of electrodes from the point of view of minimum energy consumption is described. Theoretical as well as practical problems concerning the corrosion of electrodes are described. Different ways of protecting electrodes against corrosion by glass melts are described. Furnaces for melting different types of glasses and new processes using electricity for melting are mentioned.