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The Clavien-Dindo Classification of Surgical Complications

医学 分级(工程) 并发症 梅德林 外科 政治学 工程类 土木工程 法学
作者
Pierre-Alain Clavien,Jeffrey Barkun,Michelle Oliveira,Jean‐Nicolas Vauthey,Daniel Dindo,Richard D. Schulick,Eduardo de Santibáñes,Juan Pekolj,Ksenija Slankamenac,Claudio Bassi,Rolf Graf,René Vonlanthen,Timothy Price,John L. Cameron,Masatoshi Makuuchi
出处
期刊:Annals of Surgery [Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer)]
卷期号:250 (2): 187-196 被引量:8755
标识
DOI:10.1097/sla.0b013e3181b13ca2
摘要

The lack of consensus on how to define and grade adverse postoperative events has greatly hampered the evaluation of surgical procedures. A new classification of complications, initiated in 1992, was updated 5 years ago. It is based on the type of therapy needed to correct the complication. The principle of the classification was to be simple, reproducible, flexible, and applicable irrespective of the cultural background. The aim of the current study was to critically evaluate this classification from the perspective of its use in the literature, by assessing interobserver variability in grading complex complication scenarios and to correlate the classification grades with patients', nurses', and doctors' perception.Reports from the literature using the classification system were systematically analyzed. Next, 11 scenarios illustrating difficult cases were prepared to develop a consensus on how to rank the various complications. Third, 7 centers from different continents, having routinely used the classification, independently assessed the 11 scenarios. An agreement analysis was performed to test the accuracy and reliability of the classification. Finally, the perception of the severity was tested in patients, nurses, and physicians by presenting 30 scenarios, each illustrating a specific grade of complication.We noted a dramatic increase in the use of the classification in many fields of surgery. About half of the studies used the contracted form, whereas the rest used the full range of grading. Two-thirds of the publications avoided subjective terms such as minor or major complications. The study of 11 difficult cases among various centers revealed a high degree of agreement in identifying and ranking complications (89% agreement), and enabled a better definition of unclear situations. Each grade of complications significantly correlated with the perception by patients, nurses, and physicians (P < 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test).This 5-year evaluation provides strong evidence that the classification is valid and applicable worldwide in many fields of surgery. No modification in the general principle of classification is warranted in view of the use in ongoing publications and trials. Subjective, inaccurate, or confusing terms such as "minor or major" should be removed from the surgical literature.
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