Predictors of (Un)successful Same-Day Discharge in Selected Patients Following Outpatient Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

Background It is generally accepted that only selected patients are suitable for outpatient joint arthroplasty (OJA); however, no consensus exists on the optimal selection criteria. We believe patients undergoing OJA should undergo risk stratification and mitigation in an attempt to optimize quality and minimize costs. Methods Patient factors of 525 patients who were selected to have primary elective unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (N = 158), total knee arthroplasty (N = 277), or total hip arthroplasty (N = 90) in an outpatient setting were retrospectively reviewed. A complete case multivariable logistic regression analysis of 440 patients was conducted to identify factors that were independently associated with (un)successful same-day discharge (SDD). Results One hundred ten patients (21%) were not able to be discharged on the day of surgery. Charnley class B2 was associated with a higher chance of successful SDD (odds ratio [OR], 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12-0.72), whereas female gender (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-2.8), total knee arthroplasty (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.4), and a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical function score (ASA II: OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.3; ASA III: OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.1-13) were associated with a higher risk of unsuccessful SDD. Conclusion These results in a preselected population suggest the need for further specifying and improving selection criteria for patients undergoing OJA and emphasize the importance of an in-hospital backup plan for patients at risk of unsuccessful SDD. Previous contralateral joint arthroplasty is a protective factor for successful SDD.