Diffusion driven nanostructuring of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for graphene hydrogel based tunable heterostructures: highly active electrocatalysts for efficient water oxidation

Double-stage molecular diffusion control is achieved in an ‘organic-graphene hydrogel’ biphasic system to yield tunable MOF-based functional hydrogel-hybrids, with excellent water oxidation performance (with a low onset potential and Tafel slope of 44.3 mV dec⁻¹).