Research methods in articulatory phonetics II: Studying other gestures and recent trends

Abstract This article is Part II of a general overview of current methods in articulatory phonetics research (which also consists of Part I “Research methods in articulatory phonetics I: Introduction & studying oral gestures”). The article begins by examining methods employed by phoneticians to investigate laryngeal and nasal gestures—speech‐related configurations of the glottis and the lowering/raising the velum for nasal/oral consonants and vowels. This is done by reviewing the methods of electroglottography, endoscopy, photoglottography, and measurements of airflow and air pressure. The article further examines magnetic resonance imaging and radiography (X‐rays)—the methods employed to investigate the entire vocal tract. The review is concluded with the methods of video recording and optical tracking, as used to study manual gestures in speech and sign language. Each methodological section contains a review of relevant journal publications illustrating the application of the method, as well as references to further readings. The article concludes with an overview of current developments and trends in instrumental articulatory phonetics, and highlight issues requiring further research.