Copper catalyzed coupling reactions via unactivated alkyl reagents

The study of catalysis is important because many industrial processes depend upon catalysts for their success. Transition metal catalysts are essential components in most refining and petrochemical processes. Compared to other metal catalysts, copper catalysts have become much more attractive due to their high earth abundance, low price, low toxicity, and unique catalytic characteristics that are well suited to cross-coupling with C(sp3)–X electrophiles. Unactivated alkyl electrophiles are versatile and efficient reagents for the coupling reactions. This paper attempts to review the copper catalysts and this applications in coupling reactions based on using unactivated alkyl reagents.