ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Executive Summary

HomeCirculationVol. 116, No. 7ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Executive Summary Free AccessReview ArticlePDF/EPUBAboutView PDFSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessReview ArticlePDF/EPUBACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Executive SummaryA Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction): Developed in Collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons: Endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Jeffrey L. Anderson, MD, FACC, FAHA, Cynthia D. Adams, RN, PhD, FAHA, Elliott M. Antman, MD, FACC, FAHA, Charles R. Bridges, ScD, MD, FACC, FAHA, Robert M. Califf, MD, MACC, Donald E. CaseyJr., MD, MPH, MBA, FACP, William E. ChaveyII, MD, MS, Francis M. Fesmire, MD, FACEP, Judith S. Hochman, MD, FACC, FAHA, Thomas N. Levin, MD, FACC, FSCAI, A. Michael Lincoff, MD, FACC, Eric D. Peterson, MD, MPH, FACC, FAHA, Pierre Theroux, MD, FACC, FAHA, Nanette Kass Wenger, MD, FACC, FAHA and R. Scott Wright, MD, FACC, FAHA Jeffrey L. AndersonJeffrey L. Anderson , Cynthia D. AdamsCynthia D. Adams , Elliott M. AntmanElliott M. Antman , Charles R. BridgesCharles R. Bridges , Robert M. CaliffRobert M. Califf , Donald E. CaseyJr.Donald E. CaseyJr. , William E. ChaveyIIWilliam E. ChaveyII , Francis M. FesmireFrancis M. Fesmire , Judith S. HochmanJudith S. Hochman , Thomas N. LevinThomas N. Levin , A. Michael LincoffA. Michael Lincoff , Eric D. PetersonEric D. Peterson , Pierre TherouxPierre Theroux , Nanette Kass WengerNanette Kass Wenger and R. Scott WrightR. Scott Wright Originally published6 Aug 2007https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185752Circulation. 2007;116:803–877is corrected byCorrectionOther version(s) of this articleYou are viewing the most recent version of this article. Previous versions: August 6, 2007: Previous Version 1 Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By de Abreu M, Zylberman M, Vensentini N, Villarreal R, Zaidel E, Antonietti L, Mariani J, Gagliardi J, Doval H and Tajer C (2022) Sex differences in the clinical presentation of acute coronary syndromes., Current Problems in Cardiology, 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101300, (101300), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2022. Abderzag F (2021) Markets and the creation of competitive advantages in companies according to an internal marketing orientation, International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES, 10.21833/ijaas.2021.10.011, 8:10, (93-107), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021. Wada T, Hagiwara-Nagasawa M, Kambayashi R, Goto A, Chiba K, Nunoi Y, Izumi-Nakaseko H, Koga T, Matsumoto A, Nakazato Y, Lurie K and Sugiyama A (2021) Effects of Cardiac Massage and β-Blocker Pretreatment on the Success Rate of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Assessed by the Canine Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Ventricular Fibrillation Model, Circulation Journal, 10.1253/circj.CJ-20-0897, 85:10, (1885-1891), Online publication date: 24-Sep-2021. AlBadri A, Wei J, Quesada O, Mehta P, Xiao Y, Ko Y, Anderson R, Petersen J, Azarbal B, Samuels B, Henry T, Cook-Wiens G, Handberg E, Van Eyk J, Pepine C and Bairey Merz C (2020) Coronary Vascular Function and Cardiomyocyte Injury, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 40:12, (3015-3021), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020. Ahmed T, Chahal D, Madathil R, Kaczorowski D and Gupta A (2020) Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Strategies under Hemodynamic Support for Cardiogenic Shock: A Single-Center Experience with Two Patients, Case Reports in Cardiology, 10.1155/2020/6260239, 2020, (1-5), Online publication date: 28-May-2020. Sudirman I, Pikir B and Rinjani L (2020) Correlation between Left Ventricular Function with Functional Capacity in Post Infarct Myocard Patients with Heart Failure, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 10.1088/1755-1315/441/1/012182, 441:1, (012182), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2020. Jia S, Zhang C, Jiang L, Xu L, Tian J, Zhao X, Feng X, Wang D, Zhang Y, Sun K, Xu J, Liu R, Xu B, Zhao W, Hui R, Gao R, Gao Z, Yuan J and Song L (2020) Comparison of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Medical Therapy in Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients With 3-Vessel Disease, Circulation Journal, 10.1253/circj.CJ-20-0300, 84:10, (1718-1727), Online publication date: 25-Sep-2020. 唐 伟 (2020) Progress in the Treatment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction, Advances in Clinical Medicine, 10.12677/ACM.2020.102017, 10:02, (103-110), . Raad M, AlBadri A, Wei J, Mehta P, Maughan J, Gadh A, Thomson L, Jones D, Quyyumi A, Pepine C and Bairey Merz C (2020) Oxidative Stress Is Associated With Diastolic Dysfunction in Women With Ischemia With No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease, Journal of the American Heart Association, 9:10, Online publication date: 18-May-2020. Wang J, Xu W, Zhao H, Chen J, Zhu B, Li X, Deng D, Wang J, Liu J, Yu Y, Xiao H and Wang W (2019) Identification of potential plasma biomarkers and metabolic dysfunction for unstable angina pectoris and its complication based on global metabolomics, Bioscience Reports, 10.1042/BSR20181658, 39:3, Online publication date: 29-Mar-2019. Xia T, Huang F, Li Y, Chai H, Huang B, Ou Y, Li Q, Pu X, Zuo Z, Peng Y, Chen M and Huang D (2018) The impact of age on the implementation of evidence-based medications in patients with coronary artery disease and its prognostic significance: a retrospective cohort study, BMC Public Health, 10.1186/s12889-018-5049-x, 18:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2018. Hudec Š, Špaček M, Hutyra M, Moravec O and Táborský M (2018) Sexual activity and cardiovascular disease, erectile dysfunction as a predictor of ischemic heart disease, Cor et Vasa, 10.1016/j.crvasa.2017.08.006, 60:3, (e296-e305), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2018. Tubaro M, Sciahbasi A, Ricci R, Ciavolella M, Di Clemente D, Bisconti C, Ferraiuolo G, Del Pinto M, Mennuni M, Monti F, Vinci E, Semeraro R, Greco C, Berti S, Romano C, Aiello A, Lo Bianco F, Pellecchia R, Azzolini P, Ciuffetta D, Zappulo R, Gigantino A, Arima S, Colivicchi F and Santini M (2015) Early invasive versus early conservative strategy in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome: An outcome research study, European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care, 10.1177/2048872615590145, 6:6, (477-489), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2017. Satoh S, Yada R, Inoue H, Omura S, Ejima E, Mori T, Takenaka K, Kawamura N, Numaguchi K, Mori E, Asoh A, Nakamura T and Hiyamuta K (2014) Toll-like receptor-4 is upregulated in plaque debris of patients with acute coronary syndrome more than Toll-like receptor-2, Heart and Vessels, 10.1007/s00380-014-0565-9, 31:1, (1-5), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2016. Haridasan V, Rajesh K, Sajeev C, Rajesh G, Bastion C, Vinayakumar D, Kadermuneer P, Mathew D, George B and Krishnan M (2016) Study on correlation of obesity with short-term prognosis in acute myocardial infarction, Indian Heart Journal, 10.1016/j.ihj.2015.09.019, 68:3, (306-310), Online publication date: 1-May-2016. Afrasyab A, Qu P, Zhao Y, Peng K, Wang H, Lou D, Niu N and Yuan D (2015) Correlation of NLRP3 with severity and prognosis of coronary atherosclerosis in acute coronary syndrome patients, Heart and Vessels, 10.1007/s00380-015-0723-8, 31:8, (1218-1229), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2016. Meek R, Braitberg G, Cullen L, Than M, Graudins A and Glynn D (2016) Outcome at 30 days for low-risk chest pain patients assessed using an accelerated diagnostic pathway in the emergency department, Emergency Medicine Australasia, 10.1111/1742-6723.12570, 28:3, (279-286), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2016. Gokhroo R, Ranwa B, Kishor K, Priti K, Ananthraj A, Gupta S and Bisht D (2015) Sweating: A Specific Predictor of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Among the Symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Sweating In Myocardial Infarction (SWIMI) Study Group, Clinical Cardiology, 10.1002/clc.22498, 39:2, (90-95), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2016. Storti L, Servantes D, Borges M, Bittencourt L, Maroja F, Poyares D, Burke P, Santos V, Moreira R, Mancuso F, de Paola A, Tufik S, Carvalho A and Cintra F (2015) Validation of a novel sleep-quality questionnaire to assess sleep in the coronary care unit: a polysomnography study, Sleep Medicine, 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.03.014, 16:8, (971-975), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2015. Weir M, Dixon S, Fleet J, Roberts M, Hackam D, Oliver M, Suri R, Quinn R, Ozair S, Beyea M, Kitchlu A and Garg A (2014) β -Blocker Dialyzability and Mortality in Older Patients Receiving Hemodialysis , Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 10.1681/ASN.2014040324, 26:4, (987-996), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2015. Martins M, Mendes T, Grańeda J, Gusmão R, Vicente H and Neves J (2015) Artificial Neural Networks in Acute Coronary Syndrome Screening Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 10.1007/978-3-319-16483-0_11, (108-119), . O'Keefe-McCarthy S, McGillion M, Clarke S and McFetridge-Durdle J (2015) Pain and Anxiety in Rural Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Awaiting Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization, Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000203, 30:6, (546-557), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2015. NAKAZATO K, MIZUKAMI H, OHTAKE H, SAKAMOTO N, YAMAKI T, YAMAGUCHI O, KUNII H, OHWADA T and TAKEISHI Y (2015) STENTING STRATEGY AND FOLLOW-UP RESULTS OF MULTI-CENTER REGISTRY IN FUKUSHIMA CITY FOR LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: BARE METAL STENT VERSUS DRUG-ELUTING STENT, FUKUSHIMA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE, 10.5387/fms.2015-5, 61:1, (79-85), . Warren J, Yu J, Grinfeld L and Mehran R (2015) Chest Pain in Women: Evaluation and Management Controversies in Cardiology, 10.1007/978-3-319-20415-4_9, (111-132), . Cassimatis D and Wenger N (2015) America vs Europe and the 2014 Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Guidelines, Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research, 10.1007/s12265-015-9639-z, 8:6, (385-391), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2015. Limon O, Atilla R, Oray N, Limon G and Doylan O (2017) Serial Measurement of Heart-Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein for the Rapid Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndromes in the Emergency Department, Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine, 10.1177/102490791402100403, 21:4, (213-221), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2014. O'Neil A, Hawkes A, Atherton J, Patrao T, Sanderson K, Wolfe R, Taylor C and Oldenburg B (2012) Telephone-delivered health coaching improves anxiety outcomes after myocardial infarction: the 'ProActive Heart' trial, European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 10.1177/2047487312460515, 21:1, (30-38), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2014. Smith K, Ashburn S, Aminawung J, Mann M and Ross J (2014) Physician clinical management strategies and reasoning: a cross-sectional survey using clinical vignettes of eight common medical admissions, BMC Health Services Research, 10.1186/1472-6963-14-176, 14:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2014. Siva Sankara C, Rajasekhar D, Latheef K, Subramanyam G, Vanajakshamma V and Siva Prasad P (2014) Left ventricular myocardial performance index for assessment of acute periprocedural outcomes in coronary artery disease patients after successful percutaneous coronary intervention, Journal of Indian College of Cardiology, 10.1016/j.jicc.2014.05.004, 4:3, (144-151), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2014. De Abreu M, Mariani J, Silberstein A, Guridi C, Hecht G, Gagliardi J, Doval H and Tajer C (2014) Analysis of the Invasive Strategy Decision in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Without ST-Segment Elevation in a Real-World Setting, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.03.036, 113:12, (1956-1961), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2014. Curran H, Hubacek J, Southern D, Galbraith D, Knudtson M, Ghali W and Graham M (2014) The effect of a regional care model on cardiac catheterization rates in patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes, BMC Health Services Research, 10.1186/s12913-014-0550-0, 14:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2014. Vargas-Alarcón G, Ramírez-Bello J, de la Peña A, Calderón-Cruz B, Peña-Duque M, Martínez-Ríos M, Ramírez-Fuentes S, Pérez-Méndez O and Fragoso J (2014) Distribution of ABCB1, CYP3A5, CYP2C19, and P2RY12 gene polymorphisms in a Mexican Mestizos population, Molecular Biology Reports, 10.1007/s11033-014-3590-y, 41:10, (7023-7029), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2014. Baracco R and Mattoo T (2014) Pediatric Hypertensive Emergencies, Current Hypertension Reports, 10.1007/s11906-014-0456-6, 16:8, Online publication date: 1-Aug-2014. Sun M, Gao X, Zhang D, Ke C, Hou Y, Fan L, Zhang R, Liu H, Li K and Yu B (2013) Identification of biomarkers for unstable angina by plasma metabolomic profiling, Molecular BioSystems, 10.1039/c3mb70216b, 9:12, (3059), . Satoh S, Omura S, Inoue H, Mori T, Takenaka K, Numaguchi K, Mori E, Aso A, Nakamura T and Hiyamuta K (2013) Clinical impact of coronary artery spasm in patients with no significant coronary stenosis in acute coronary syndromes, Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/j.jjcc.2012.12.008, 61:6, (404-409), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2013. Potts K (2013) C-reactive protein and its role in coronary artery disease, British Journal of Cardiac Nursing, 10.12968/bjca.2013.8.4.193, 8:4, (193-197), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2013. Ferretti-Picco E, Govciyan S, Claessens Y and Levraut J (2013) Épidémiologie des douleurs thoraciques prises en charge dans le service des urgences du centre hospitalier universitaire de NiceEpidemiology of acute chest pain in the emergency department of Nice University Hospital, Annales françaises de médecine d'urgence, 10.1007/s13341-013-0370-6, 3:6, (347-352), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2013. Rosendorff C (2013) Ischemic Heart Disease in Hypertension Hypertension: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease, 10.1016/B978-1-4377-2766-1.00028-4, (253-261), . Levine G, Steinke E, Bakaeen F, Bozkurt B, Cheitlin M, Conti J, Foster E, Jaarsma T, Kloner R, Lange R, Lindau S, Maron B, Moser D, Ohman E, Seftel A and Stewart W (2012) Sexual Activity and Cardiovascular Disease, Circulation, 125:8, (1058-1072), Online publication date: 28-Feb-2012. Blankenship J, Moussa I, Chambers C, Brilakis E, Haldis T, Morrison D and Dehmer G (2011) Staging of multivessel percutaneous coronary interventions: An expert consensus statement from the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, 10.1002/ccd.23353, 79:7, (1138-1152), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2012. Cannon C and Braunwald E (2012) Unstable Angina and Non–ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 10.1016/B978-1-4377-0398-6.00056-1, (1178-1209), . Gopaldas R, Chu D and Bakaeen F (2012) Acquired Heart Disease Sabiston Textbook of Surgery, 10.1016/B978-1-4377-1560-6.00060-3, (1650-1678), . Schwartz J and Zipes D (2012) Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 10.1016/B978-1-4377-0398-6.00080-9, (1727-1756), . Poon S, Goodman S, Yan R, Bugiardini R, Bierman A, Eagle K, Johnston N, Huynh T, Grondin F, Schenck-Gustafsson K and Yan A (2012) Bridging the gender gap: Insights from a contemporary analysis of sex-related differences in the treatment and outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes, American Heart Journal, 10.1016/j.ahj.2011.09.025, 163:1, (66-73), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2012. Vertuani S, Baldisserotto A, Varani K, Borea P, De Marcos Maria Cruz B, Ferraro L, Manfredini S and Dalpiaz A (2012) Synthesis and in vitro stability of nucleoside 5′-phosphonate derivatives, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.04.045, 54, (202-209), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2012. Sciahbasi A, Biondi-Zoccai G, Romagnoli E, Valgimigli M, Rasoul S, van't Hof A, Lioy E and Stone G (2012) Routine upstream versus selective downstream administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: A meta-analysis of randomized trials, International Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.10.010, 155:2, (243-248), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2012. Hollenberg S and Heitner S (2012) Acute Coronary Syndromes Cardiology in Family Practice, 10.1007/978-1-61779-385-1_2, (19-50), . Hsu P (2012) New look at antiplatelet agent-related peptic ulcer: An update of prevention and treatment, Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07085.x, 27:4, (654-661), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2012. Widimský P, Jukema J, Meier B, Trenk D, Collet J, Frick M and Roffi M (2012) Evolving strategies in the management of acute coronary syndromes with oral antiplatelet agents, Cor et Vasa, 10.1016/j.crvasa.2011.12.004, 54:1-2, (e32-e38), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2012. Brennan M and Johnson J (2012) Evidence-Based Care for Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in New York City Comparative Effectiveness and Efficacy Research and Analysis for Practice (CEERAP), 10.1007/978-3-642-23144-5_8, (135-146), . Qiu X, Miles A, Jiang X, Sun X and Yang N (2012) Sulfotanshinone Sodium Injection for Unstable Angina Pectoris: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 10.1155/2012/715790, 2012, (1-11), . Cave D, Aufderheide T, Beeson J, Ellison A, Gregory A, Hazinski M, Hiratzka L, Lurie K, Morrison L, Mosesso V, Nadkarni V, Potts J, Samson R, Sayre M and Schexnayder S (2011) Importance and Implementation of Training in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Automated External Defibrillation in Schools, Circulation, 123:6, (691-706), Online publication date: 15-Feb-2011. Liu C and Huang Y (2011) Comparison of STEMI and NSTEMI patients in the emergency department, Journal of Acute Medicine, 10.1016/j.jacme.2011.08.001, 1:1, (1-4), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2011. Leick J, Vollert J, Möckel M, Radke P and Hamm C (2011) "Standard operating procedures" zur Umsetzung der Leitlinien bei Patienten mit BrustschmerzStandard operating procedures to implement the guidelines for assessment of acute onset chest pain, Der Kardiologe, 10.1007/s12181-011-0378-3, 5:6, (443-457), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2011. Lopes R, Becker R, Alexander J, Armstrong P, Califf R, Chan M, Crowther M, Granger C, Harrington R, Hylek E, James S, Jolicoeur E, Mahaffey K, Newby L, Peterson E, Pieper K, Van de Werf F, Wallentin L, White H, Carvalho A, Giraldez R, Guimaraes H, Nader H, Kalil R, Bizzachi J, Lopes A and Garcia D (2011) Highlights from the III International Symposium of Thrombosis and Anticoagulation (ISTA), October 14–16, 2010, São Paulo, Brazil, Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis, 10.1007/s11239-011-0592-7, 32:2, (242-266), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2011. Adelmann G (2010) Coronary Artery Disease Cardiology Essentials in Clinical Practice, 10.1007/978-1-84996-305-3_2, (23-95), . Roobottom C, Mitchell G and Iyengar S (2011) The role of non-invasive imaging in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome, The British Journal of Radiology, 10.1259/bjr/57084479, 84:special_issue_3, (S269-S279), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2011. Carver J (2011) Management of cardiac and pulmonary treatment–related side effects Supportive Oncology, 10.1016/B978-1-4377-1015-1.00009-6, (67-94), . Lopes R (2011) Antiplatelet agents in cardiovascular disease, Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis, 10.1007/s11239-011-0558-9, 31:3, (306-309), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2011. Hsu P, Lai K and Liu C (2011) Esomeprazole With Clopidogrel Reduces Peptic Ulcer Recurrence, Compared With Clopidogrel Alone, in Patients With Atherosclerosis, Gastroenterology, 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.11.056, 140:3, (791-798.e2), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2011. Noble K (2011) Acute Coronary Syndrome: Evidence-Based Practice in Action, Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 10.1016/j.jopan.2011.05.005, 26:4, (284-289), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2011. Nakagomi A, Kodani E, Takano H, Uchida T, Sato N, Ibuki C, Kusama Y, Seino Y, Munakata K, Mizuno K and Takano T (2011) Secondary Preventive Effects of a Calcium Antagonist for Ischemic Heart Attack - Randomized Parallel Comparison With .BETA.-Blockers -, Circulation Journal, 10.1253/circj.CJ-10-1078, 75:7, (1696-1705), . Bohrn M, Mattu A and Browne B (2011) Chest Pain Cardiovascular Problems in Emergency Medicine, 10.1002/9781119959809.ch1, (1-17), Online publication date: 29-Nov-2011. Jones J (2013) The Heart of It All Case Studies in Gerontological Nursing for the Advanced Practice Nurse, 10.1002/9781118785607.ch5, (37-45) Kosuge M, Ebina T, Hibi K, Morita S, Endo M, Maejima N, Iwahashi N, Okada K, Ishikawa T, Umemura S and Kimura K (2011) An Early and Simple Predictor of Severe Left Main and/or Three-Vessel Disease in Patients With Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.10.005, 107:4, (495-500), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2011. Piqué M, Hernández I, Miñano A and Worner Diz F (2011) Administración upstream de inhibidores de la glucoproteína IIb/IIIa en el síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST: la estrategia TACTICS, Revista Española de Cardiología Suplementos, 10.1016/S1131-3587(11)70006-1, 11, (27-32), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2011. Wanitschek M, Pachinger O and Alber H (2011) Akutes Koronarsyndrom, Wiener klinisches Magazin, 10.1007/s00740-011-0349-0, 14:2, (8-14), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2011. Stern S and Bayes de Luna A (2011) Response to Letter Regarding Article, "Coronary Artery Spasm: A 2009 Update", Circulation, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.015917, 123:13, Online publication date: 5-Apr-2011. Tunggal P, Ng F, Lam K, Chan F and Lau Y (2011) Effect of esomeprazole versus famotidine on platelet inhibition by clopidogrel: A double-blind, randomized trial, American Heart Journal, 10.1016/j.ahj.2011.08.007, 162:5, (870-874), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2011. Kosowsky J and Huang C (2011) Evaluation of Chest Pain and Myocardial Ischemia Comprehensive Cardiovascular Medicine in the Primary Care Setting, 10.1007/978-1-60327-963-5_9, (187-193), . Wong E and Grossman S (2011) Chest pain Emergency Medicine Secrets, 10.1016/B978-0-323-07167-3.00021-8, (80-86), . Zhao Z and Winget M (2011) Economic burden of illness of acute coronary syndromes: medical and productivity costs, BMC Health Services Research, 10.1186/1472-6963-11-35, 11:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2011. Feldman J, Bernard S, Mitchell P and Rebholz C (2011) Effects of cardiology review of the electrocardiogram in patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes, The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 10.1016/j.ajem.2010.09.023, 29:3, (309-315.e2), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2011. Leeper B, Cyr A, Lambert C and Martin K (2011) Acute Coronary Syndrome, Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America, 10.1016/j.ccell.2011.10.001, 23:4, (547-557), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2011. Cury R, Feuchtner G, Mascioli C, Fialkow J, Andrulonis P, Villanueva T, Pena C, Janowitz W, Katzen B and Ziffer J (2011) Cardiac CT in the emergency department: Convincing evidence, but cautious implementation, Journal of Nuclear Cardiology, 10.1007/s12350-011-9356-1, 18:2, (331-341), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2011. Anderson J (2011) ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction—A Summary Article Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease, 10.1016/B978-1-4160-4927-2.00034-7, (385-404), . Thomas R, King M, Lui K, Oldridge N, Piña I and Spertus J (2010) AACVPR/ACCF/AHA 2010 Update: Performance Measures on Cardiac Rehabilitation for Referral to Cardiac Rehabilitation/Secondary Prevention Services, Circulation, 122:13, (1342-1350), Online publication date: 28-Sep-2010. Birtcher K, Pan W, LaBresh K, Cannon C, Fonarow G and Ellrodt G (2010) Performance Achievement Award Program for Get With The Guidelines Coronary Artery Disease Is Associated With Global and Sustained Improvement in Cardiac Care for Patients Hospitalized With an Acute Myocardial Infarction, Critical Pathways in Cardiology: A Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 10.1097/HPC.0b013e3181ed763e, 9:3, (103-112), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2010. Moser M, Lickfeld T, Möckel M, Radke P, Vollert J and Bode C (2010) "Standard operating procedures" zur Umsetzung der Leitlinien beim Nicht-ST-HebungsinfarktStandard operating procedures to implement the guidelines for non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, Der Kardiologe, 10.1007/s12181-010-0284-0, 4:5, (389-399), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2010. Sciahbasi A, Madonna M, De Vita M, Agati L, Scioli R, Summaria F, Romagnoli E, Patrizi R, Lanzillo C, Pendenza G, Canali E, Penco M and Lioy E (2010) Comparison of Immediate vs Early Invasive Strategy in Patients With First Acute Non–ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Clinical Cardiology, 10.1002/clc.20785, 33:10, (650-655), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2010. Lerakis S, Aznaouridis K, Synetos A, Masoura C, Mehta P, Al-Hajj M, Shukrullah I and Martin R (2010) Predictive value of normal dobutamine stress echocardiogram in patients with low-risk acute chest pain, International Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.02.013, 144:2, (289-291), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2010. Kavsak P, Worster A, You J, Oremus M, Elsharif A, Hill S, Devereaux P, MacRae A and Jaffe A (2010) Identification of myocardial injury in the emergency setting, Clinical Biochemistry, 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.12.014, 43:6, (539-544), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2010. McHugh J, Pokhrel P, Barber K and Liu G (2010) Beta-blockers in the management of cardiovascular diseases, Osteopathic Family Physician, 10.1016/j.osfp.2010.03.001, 2:5, (131-138), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2010. Ansara A, Nisly S, Arif S, Koehler J and Nordmeyer S (2010) Aspirin Dosing for the Prevention and Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: An Indication-Specific Review of the Literature, Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 10.1345/aph.1M346, 44:5, (851-862), Online publication date: 1-May-2010. Teng R and Butler K (2010) Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, tolerability and safety of single ascending doses of ticagrelor, a reversibly binding oral P2Y12 receptor antagonist, in healthy subjects, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 10.1007/s00228-009-0778-5, 66:5, (487-496), Online publication date: 1-May-2010. Scheuermeyer F, Christenson J, Innes G, Boychuk B, Yu E and Grafstein E (2010) Safety of Assessment of Patients With Potential Ischemic Chest Pain in an Emergency Department Waiting Room: A Prospective Comparative Cohort Study, Annals of Emergency Medicine, 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.03.043, 56:5, (455-462), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2010. Shiley K, Nadolski G, Mickus T, Fishman N and Lautenbach E (2015) Differences in the Epidemiological Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza, Compared with Seasonal Influenza, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 10.1086/653204, 31:7, (676-682), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2010. Yun K, Rhee S, Park H, Yoo N, Kim N, Oh S and Jeong J (2010) Effects of Omeprazole on the Antiplatelet Activity of Clopidogrel, International Heart Journal, 10.1536/ihj.51.13, 51:1, (13-16), . Kikkert W, Piek J, de Winter R, Peters R and Henriques J (2010) Guideline adherence for antithrombotic therapy in acute coronary syndrome: an overview in Dutch hospitals, Netherlands Heart Journal, 10.1007/BF03091779, 18:6, (291-300), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2010. Fox K, Carruthers K, Dunbar D, Graham C, Manning J, De Raedt H, Buysschaert I, Lambrechts D and Van de Werf F (2010) Underestimated and under-recognized: the late consequences of acute coronary syndrome (GRACE UK-Belgian Study), European Heart Journal, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq326, 31:22, (2755-2764), Online publication date: 2-Nov-2010. Herman C, Buth K, Kent B and Hirsch G (2010) Clopidogrel Increases Blood Transfusion and Hemorrhagic Complications in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery, The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.10.051, 89:2, (397-402), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2010. Pacala J (2010) Preventive and Anticipatory Care Brocklehurst's Textbook of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, 10.1016/B978-1-4160-6231-8.10099-6, (848-853), . Sobel B (2010) A perspective on the development of coronary revascularization, Coronary Artery Disease, 10.1097/MCA.0b013e328337cf78, 21:3, (199-203), Online publication date: 1-May-2010. Bottorff M and Hein B (2010) Oral Anticoagulation Cardiology Secrets, 10.1016/B978-032304525-4.00036-8, (244-250), . Salvador Sanz A (2010) ¿Qué dicen las guías?, Revista Española de Cardiología Suplementos, 10.1016/S1131-3587(10)70027-3, 10, (29-33), . Sobel B (2010) Coronary revascularization in patients with type 2 diabetes and results of the BARI 2D trial, Coronary Artery Disease, 10.1097/MCA.0b013e3283383ebe, 21:3, (189-198), Online publication date: 1-May-2010. Bigalke B, Haap M, Stellos K, Geisler T, Seizer P, Kremmer E, Overkamp D and Gawaz M (2010) Platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) for early identification of acute coronary syndrome in patients with chest pain, Thrombosis Research, 10.1016/j.thromres.2010.01.005, 125:5, (e184-e189)