工作组
药剂师
医学
利益相关者
护理部
德尔菲法
缓和医疗
医学教育
药店
公共关系
政治学
计算机网络
数学
计算机科学
统计
作者
Kashelle Lockman,Maria Felton Lowry,Sandra DiScala,Amanda Lovell,Tanya J. Uritsky,Benjamin Kematick,Michelle Schmidt,Andrea Wetshtein,Bridget Scullion,Christopher M. Herndon,Rabia S. Atayee
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2022.03.004
摘要
Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) translate competencies into explicit, practical terms that clearly state the expected roles and responsibilities of clinicians who have achieved proficiency and expertise in a field. EPAs are defined for Hospice and Palliative Medicine physicians but not for other members of Hospice and Palliative Care (HAPC) interprofessional teams, including pharmacists.The objective of this study was to develop EPAs for HAPC pharmacists.An 11-member workgroup of HAPC pharmacists was convened to develop candidate EPAs using nominal group and modified-Delphi methods. Content validity index was used as a measure of consensus, defined a priori at ≥ 60%. Vetting occurred via intra- and interprofessional stakeholder reactor groups and a national survey of HAPC pharmacists.Following an iterative process of workgroup and stakeholder consensus-building, 15 HAPC pharmacist EPAs were developed. Among the workgroup, all 15 EPAs reached ≥ 70% consensus, indicating appropriate internal validity. In a national survey of 185 HAPC pharmacists with a 20% response rate, 13 EPAs were rated by most respondents as "essential" and 2 were rated by most respondents as "important but not essential." Respondents indicated the 15 EPA set represented the core professional activities of HAPC pharmacists well (median rating of 5 on a Likert-like scale, IQR 1).Fifteen consensus EPAs describe essential activities of HAPC pharmacists in direct patient care, leadership, education, and scholarship. These EPAs will further guide pharmacist training programs, HAPC services seeking to incorporate a specialized pharmacist on the team, and currently practicing HAPC pharmacists.
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