曲率
模块化设计
肽
计算生物学
序列(生物学)
生物
遗传学
几何学
计算机科学
生物化学
数学
操作系统
作者
Christian Reichen,Simon Hansen,Cristina Forzani,Annemarie Honegger,Sarel J. Fleishman,Ting Zhou,Fabio Parmeggiani,Patrick Erñst,Chaithanya Madhurantakam,Christina Ewald,Peer R. E. Mittl,Oliver Zerbe,David Baker,Amedeo Caflisch,Andreas Plückthun
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jmb.2016.09.012
摘要
Armadillo repeat proteins (ArmRPs) recognize their target peptide in extended conformation and bind, in a first approximation, two residues per repeat. Thus, they may form the basis for building a modular system, in which each repeat is complementary to a piece of the target peptide. Accordingly, preselected repeats could be assembled into specific binding proteins on demand and thereby avoid the traditional generation of every new binding molecule by an independent selection from a library. Stacked armadillo repeats, each consisting of 42 aa arranged in three α-helices, build an elongated superhelical structure. Here, we analyzed the curvature variations in natural ArmRPs and identified a repeat pair from yeast importin-α as having the optimal curvature geometry that is complementary to a peptide over its whole length. We employed a symmetric in silico design to obtain a uniform sequence for a stackable repeat while maintaining the desired curvature geometry. Computationally designed ArmRPs (dArmRPs) had to be stabilized by mutations to remove regions of higher flexibility, which were identified by molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent. Using an N-capping repeat from the consensus-design approach, two different crystal structures of dArmRP were determined. Although the experimental structures of dArmRP deviated from the designed curvature, the insertion of the most conserved binding pockets of natural ArmRPs onto the surface of dArmRPs resulted in binders against the expected peptide with low nanomolar affinities, similar to the binders from the consensus-design series.
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