Lignocellulosic materials as adsorbents in solid phase extraction for trace elements preconcentration

This review provides an overview and discusses analytical strategies for the preconcentration of trace elements using lignocellulosic sorbents for solid-phase extraction. This procedure is widely used for the determination of metals and metalloids in different types of samples due to its simplicity, rapidity, minimal waste generation, reduction of sample matrix effects as well as sorption of the target species on the solid surface. For this purpose, some inorganic, organic, and several natural adsorbents are used. New approaches to obtaining adsorbent materials from natural sources such as agro-industrial residues and composting materials have received attention. The most used lignocellulosic materials as sorbents for solid-phase extraction are bagasse sugarcane, cotton, sisal, palm fiber, coconut, corn cob, soybean straw, jute, and rice. The lignocellulosic materials have been investigated because the presence of functional groups in their structures is made up of lignin and cellulose. These materials have been used in the development of analytical methods with the varied proposal, such as preconcentration or speciation of analytes.