Thymoma With Myasthenia Gravis: A Study of Two Cases

Thymoma is a rare, primary neoplasm of the thymus gland, commonly presenting in adults and associated with autoimmune diseases, most commonly myasthenia gravis (MG). Despite its generally indolent behavior, the variability in clinical presentation and potential for malignancy necessitates detailed evaluation and management. In this report, we present two cases: a 41-year-old male and a 39-year-old female, both of whom presented with a mediastinal mass with symptoms of myasthenia. Further investigation, including imaging and histopathological examination, confirmed the diagnosis of a type B2 thymoma and type B1 thymoma for the male and female patients, respectively. The patients underwent successful complete surgical resection of the masses, with the postoperative recovery being uneventful. They were monitored for signs of disease recurrence and associated autoimmune conditions during follow-up visits. This report underscores the importance of early detection and thorough clinical evaluation of thymoma, particularly in patients with associated paraneoplastic syndromes. Complete surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment, with adjuvant therapy tailored based on individual risk factors. Ongoing surveillance is crucial for identifying potential recurrences and associated conditions.