NIR-II-Triggered Composite Nanofibers to Simultaneously Achieve Intracranial Hemostasis, Killing Superbug and Residual Cancer Cells in Brain Tumor Resection Surgery

Malignant glioblastoma (GBM) is prone to relapse due to the inevitable tumor cells residue by surgery. During the tumor resection surgery in brain, addressing bleeding and superbug infections is also full of challenges. Currently, no method or material in clinical craniotomy can simultaneously solve these three problems. Herein, Chitosan composite nanofibers embedded with CuSe nanoparticles were prepared by green electrospinning method, in which the CuSe nanoparticles have strong absorption in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window. Immediately after removing the tumor in craniotomy, nanofibers were electrospun and deposited directly onto the resection site with high precision (> 90%) to achieve rapid hemostasis (< 8 s). Moreover, evidenced by the deeper penetration depth of NIR-II light (1064 nm) both in the scalp and skull than NIR-I light (808 nm), photothermal and photodynamic therapy induced by NIR-II exhibits efficient superbug-killing rate (> 99%) and effectively induces cell apoptosis of residual tumor thereby to inhibit tumor recurrence. Only using the same material, a trilogy of intracranial hemostasis, killing superbug and residual cancer cells is simultaneously achieved. The short operation time reduces the risk of craniotomy. This electrospinning strategy could combine with craniotomy and minimally invasive surgery, which may provide novel perspectives in clinical operation besides craniotomy.Graphical abstract