Current status of carbon capture, utilization, and storage technologies in the global economy: A survey of technical assessment

The latest tremendously rapid expansion of the energy and industrial sector has led to a sharp increase in stationary sources of CO2. Consequently, a lot of concerns have been raised about the prevention of global warming and the achievement of climate mitigation strategies by 2050 with a low-carbon and sustainable future. In view of this, the current state of various aspects of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies in general technical assessment were concisely reviewed and discussed. We concentrated on precisely identifying the technology readiness level (TRL), which is beneficial to specifically defining the maturity for each key element of the CCUS system with a commercialization direction paths. In addition, we especially presented and emphasized the importance of CO2 capture types from flue gases and CO2 separation methods. Then, we determined valuable data from the largest R&D projects at various scales. This paper provides a critical review of the literature related to challenges of the CCUS system that must be overcome to raise many low TRL technologies and facilitate their implementation on a commercial scale. Finally, our work aims to guide the further scaling up and establishment of worldwide CO2 emission reduction projects.