Recent developments in wearable biosensors for healthcare and biomedical applications

Minimizing biosensor designs and creating wearable sensor designs are newly-emerging and the most interesting research topics of recent years. By the advantages of wearable biosensors, sensitive and selective non-invasive analysis of various analytes can be successfully performed simultaneously with wireless systems, without long and laborious steps. Real-time monitoring is possible for a wide range of physiological signals, including physical bio-signals like temperature, pulse, and blood pressure, as well as biochemical parameters like glucose, dopamine, ions, and many other biomarkers in human biofluids including sweat, saliva, interstitial fluid, and tears. Continuous monitoring of physiological and personal parameters through wearable sensors has been demonstrated to define the user's well-being, comfort, and health status for all at all ages in life environments, both indoor and outdoor. Therefore, research sciences and biomedical societies have recently started to use wearable biosensors to assess precise health diagnosis. In this review, we outline the most recent notable accomplishments achieved within the domain of wearable sensors for biomedical and healthcare applications, involving bio-multifunctional smart wearable sensors, wearable devices, decision-making units, existing state of the market, challenges, and upcoming patterns of wearable devices.