Unlocking the biological response of smart Stimuli-Responsive hydrogels and their application in biological systems

The capacity of materials to detect and adapt to environmental changes has long fascinated researchers, leading to the development of smart materials. These materials, particularly smart hydrogels with stimulus-responsive and mechanically enhanced properties have been the focus of extensive research and application in various fields. This review delves into the fundamental principles shaping the structure and functionality of smart hydrogels. It examines the complex chemical interactions and critical factors in creating these intelligent networks, providing insights into optimizing smart hydrogel responses through system adjustments. Additionally, the review presents a prospective view, highlighting the challenges and potential for incorporating smart hydrogels into advanced, intelligent systems for biological application. The objective is to uncover the underlying mechanisms of smart hydrogels, paving the way for novel biomaterials and applications in healthcare systems.