Omentin roles in physiology and pathophysiology: an up-to-date comprehensive review

AbstractOmentin (intelectin) was first detected in the visceral omental adipose tissue. It has mainly two isoforms, omentin-1 and -2, with isoform-1 being the main form in human blood. It possesses insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, cardio-protective, and oxidative stress-decreasing effects. Omentin’s cardiovascular protective actions are caused by the improved endothelial cell survival and function, increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, enhanced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) relaxation with reduced proliferation, decreased inflammation, and suppressed oxidative stress. Omentin may also have a potential role in different cancer types and rheumatic diseases. Thus, omentin is an excellent therapeutic target in many diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), inflammatory diseases, and cancer. This review demonstrates the physiological functions of omentin in ameliorating insulin resistance (IR), vascular function, and inflammation and its possible share in managing obesity-linked diseases, such as metabolic disorders, DM, and cardiovascular conditions.Keywords: Adipokinesomentindiabetes mellituscardiovascular diseasesmetabolic disordersinflammationrheumatic diseasescancer Consent to publicationAll authors accept to transmit the authors’ right to the publishing journal upon acceptance.Authors’ contributionAll authors read and approved the manuscript.Disclosure statementThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.Availability of dataThe authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.