Studies of value in use, chemical compositions, biological and pharmacological activities, and quality control of Rubus berries: A comprehensive review

Rubus berries is a nutrient-rich fruit that is cultivated in Europe, the United States, China and other regions of the world. Up to now, about 260 compounds have been isolated from Rubus berries, including polyphenols, terpenoids, volatile components, and organic acids. Rubus berries have been developed into a variety of functional foods, dietary supplements and pharmaceutical preparations due to their abundant bioactive substances. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the Rubus berries have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-gastric ulcer, anti-tumor, anti-obesity, anti-aging, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and antibacterial activities. To date, its nutritional compositions, health beneficial properties quality control methods studies have made significant progress, and some traditional uses have been supported and clarified by modern pharmacological studies. This paper reviews the botany, value in use, chemical compositions, biological and pharmacological activities, and quality control related to the Rubus berries, to support the future development of its medicinal and dietary potential for health maintenance.