Accuracy analysis of robotic-assisted immediate implant placement: A retrospective case series

This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of the robotic computer-assisted implant surgery (r-CAIS) for immediate implant placement. Patients requiring immediate implant placement in maxillary anterior region were enrolled in the r-CAIS. Before surgery, the patients took a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan with a positioning marker. Virtual implant placement position and drilling sequences were planned. Following spatial registration and calibration, the implants were placed with the robotic system under the surgeon's supervision. A postoperative CBCT was performed to determine the placed implant positions. The DICOM data of the virtually planned and the actually placed implant were superimposed and registered through the accuracy verification software of the robotic system. The accuracy was calculated automatically. The deviation at the mesial–distal, labial–palatal, and apico-coronal directions were recorded. Fifteen patients with 20 implants were included. No adverse surgical events or postoperative complications were reported. The global platform, apex, and angular deviation were 0.75 ± 0.20 mm (95% CI: 0.65 to 0.84 mm), 0.70 ± 0.27 mm (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.82 mm), and 1.17 ± 0.73° (95% CI: 0.83 to 1.51°), respectively. Moreover, the vertical platform and apex deviation were 0.50 ± 0.31 mm, (95% CI: 0.35 to 0.64 mm) and 0.48 ± 0.32 mm, (95% CI: 0.33 to 0.63 mm), respectively. All the placed implant positions were further labial and apical than the planned ones, respectively. High accuracy of immediate implant placement could be achieved with robotic system. Our study provided significant evidence to support the potential of the robotic system in implant placement, even in technically challenging immediate scenarios.