Wear particle image analysis: feature extraction, selection and classification by deep and machine learning

Purpose This study aims to explore the integration of machine learning (ML) in tribology to optimize lubrication interval decisions, aiming to enhance equipment lifespan and operational efficiency through wear image analysis. Design/methodology/approach Using a data set of scanning electron microscopy images from an internal combustion engine, the authors used AlexNet as the feature extraction algorithm and the J48 decision tree algorithm for feature selection and compared 15 ML classifiers from the lazy-, Bayes and tree-based families. Findings From the analyzed ML classifiers, instance-based k-nearest neighbor emerged as the optimal algorithm with a 95% classification accuracy against testing data. This surpassed individually trained convolutional neural networks’ (CNNs) and closely approached ensemble deep learning (DL) techniques’ accuracy. Originality/value The proposed approach simplifies the process, enhances efficiency and improves interpretability compared to more complex CNNs and ensemble DL techniques.