Esterification of Crude Tall Oil Catalyzed by Beta Zeolite

沸石 原油 BETA(编程语言) 催化作用 废物管理 化学 制浆造纸工业 环境科学 有机化学 石油工程 工程类 计算机科学 程序设计语言
作者
Kátia D. Oliveira,Lucas L. Battiston,Caroline B.N. Battiston,Marcos J. Prauchner,G.A.V. Martins,Mayara Elita Carneiro,C.N. Ávila-Neto,Graciela Inês Bolzón de Muñiz
出处
期刊:Renewable Energy [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:228: 120647-120647
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.renene.2024.120647
摘要

In softwood Kraft pulping process, fatty/resin acids (extractives) react with the white liquor and are saponified, producing Tall Oil Soap (TOS). TOS can be converted back to the respective fatty/resin acids, generating Crude Tall Oil (CTO). In this work, TOS was converted into CTO according to standard methods, producing residual lignin and an aqueous phase as co-products. Then, CTO was esterified in the presence of Beta zeolites with different Si/Al ratios and particle sizes in rotary Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave. Compared to esterification of oleic and palmitic acids, esterification of CTO is a slow process, with conversions limited to no more than 83% after 6 h at 393 K. Smaller particles (0.26 μm) and lower Si/Al ratio (15) showed greater conversion. This may be associated with a higher strength of Brønsted acid sites (due to lower Si/Al ratio) but also with an improved diffusion of reactants/products within zeolite micro- and mesopores (due to the relatively smaller particle size). The esterification product was mainly composed of esters of fatty acids, such as dimethyl 4-isopropyloctanedioate, methyl elaidate and methyl palmitate. Esters of resin acids (methyl abietate and dehydroabietate), phthalic acids, as well as paraffins are also present, but probably in lower concentrations.
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