Associations between organophosphate esters and bone mineral density in adults in the United States: 2011–2018 NHANES

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used extensively as flame retardants and plasticizers. Laboratory studies have shown that OPEs exhibit osteotoxicity by inhibiting osteoblast differentiation; however, little is known about how OPEs exposure is associated with bone health in humans.