Optimal design and performance analysis of anode flow channels in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers

In proton exchange membrane water electrolysis, the water/oxygen distribution characteristics in the anode channel significantly affect the electrolyzer performance. In this paper, a three-dimensional two-phase non-isothermal numerical model of the electrolyzer is established, in which the reaction kinetics equation is modified theoretically and is validated experimentally. Two novel anode channel structures (Straight-through turbulent flow channel and Mesh-like structured flow channel) are designed and their multiphysical field distribution characteristics are compared with the traditional straight-through flow channel. Results show that, for Straight-through flow channel structure, the liquid water saturation and temperature gradient between the under-channel and under-rib areas are large, resulting in bubble accumulation under the ribs, deterioration of heat and mass transfer, and harming the electrolyzer reaction rate. The two novel structures both have velocity component perpendicular to the channel flow direction, promoting the expulsion of oxygen accumulated in the anode porous electrode, contributing to more uniform distribution characteristics of gas–liquid two-phase flow and current density. At 2.5 V, the current density of Straight-through flow channel, Straight-through turbulent flow channel, and Mesh-like structured flow channel are 4.12, 4.14, and 4.53 A/cm2, respectively. The excellent heat and mass transfer characteristics enable the Mesh-like structured flow channel to have the best electrochemical performance.