Low-Temperature Sintering Lead-Free Barium Titanate-Based X7P Ceramics with Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Dopant and ZnO–B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Flux Agent

The sintering temperature of BaTiO3 powder was reduced to 870°C due to the H3BO3-ZnO-Bi2O3 addition.Excellent densification was achieved after sintering at 870°C for 15h. The low sintering temperature of newly developed capacitor materials allows a co-firing with pure silver electrodes.The dielectric constant and the temperature stability of the dielectric constant satisfied the X7P requirements, which dielectric properties of were ε25°C≥ 2800, εr/εr25°C≤±10% (–55~125°C), tanδ≤1.5% (25°C).