Molecular aspects of neuroinflammation: Contribution of eicosanoids, cytokines, and chemokines

Neuroinflammation is a complex neuroprotective mechanism associated with response to biological, chemical, or physical stimuli. Acute neuroinflammation involves a rapid migration of immune system cell to the site of injury in a carefully orchestrated sequence of events. Acute neuroinflammation is accompanied by pain and aided by high levels of inflammatory lipid mediators (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and platelet-activating factor) and soluble mediators (such as cytokines, chemokines, and acute-phase proteins). In contrast, low-grade chronic inflammation is accompanied by low levels of inflammatory mediators (PGs, LTs, TXs, cytokines, and chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant proteins).