钳子运动
钌
化学
催化作用
氢化物
原子经济
Noyori不对称加氢
组合化学
试剂
有机化学
转移加氢
均相催化
溶剂
金属
作者
Ekambaram Balaraman,David Milstein
出处
期刊:Topics in Organometallic Chemistry
日期:2014-01-01
卷期号:: 19-43
被引量:27
摘要
Catalytic hydrogenation of polar bonds using molecular hydrogen is an important, atom-economical synthetic reaction. Classical reduction methods of polar bond often require reactive metal-hydride reagents in stoichiometric amount and produce copious waste. Hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds in particular provides 'green' approaches to synthetically important building blocks, such as alcohols and amines. We have designed and synthesized several ruthenium-based pincer catalysts for unprecedented hydrogenation reactions including: (1) amides to alcohols and amines, (2) biomass-derived di-esters to 1,2-diols and (3) CO2 and CO derivatives to methanol. These atom-economical reactions operate under neutral, homogeneous conditions, at mild temperatures, mild hydrogen pressures, and can operate in absence of solvent with no generation of waste. The postulated mechanisms involve metal–ligand cooperation (MLC) by aromatization–dearomatization of the heteroaromatic pincer core.
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