Diffuse nutrient losses in denmark

营养物 环境科学 环境化学 化学 生态学 生物
作者
Brian Kronvang,P. Græsbøll,S. E. Larsen,Lars M. Svendsen,Hans Estrup Andersen
出处
期刊:Water Science and Technology [Pergamon Press]
卷期号:33 (4-5) 被引量:73
标识
DOI:10.1016/0273-1223(96)00217-x
摘要

Since 1989, nutrient loading of the Danish aquatic environment has been monitored in 270 Danish streams draining catchment areas differing in climate, physico-geographic and land usage. Diffuse nutrient loading from non-point sources (mainly agricultural) is now the main cause of eutrophication of the Danish aquatic environment; thus in 1993, diffuse sources accounted for 94% of riverine nitrogen loading and 52% of riverine phosphorus loading. Annual riverine total nitrogen (total-N) loading from diffuse sources during the period 1989-93 was on average 10 times greater in 66 small agricultural catchments (median 23.4 kg N ha −1 ) than in 9 natural catchments (median 2.2 kg N ha −1 ). Correspondingly, annual riverine total phosphorus (total-P) loading from diffuse sources was on average 3.5 times greater in the agricultural catchments (0.29 kg P ha −1 ) than in the natural catchments (0.07 kg P ha −1 ). The annual total-N and total-P load was found to increase with the proportion of agricultural land in the catchments. In 1993, intensive measurements of phosphorus load in 8 agricultural catchments showed that normal point sampling (fortnightly) underestimates annual total-P loading by a median of 37% as compared to that estimated by frequent sampling. Moreover, estimates of monthly total-P loading are even more biased, especially in late summer and early autumn (−50% to −65%).
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