Mass selective axial ion ejection from a linear quadrupole ion trap

The electric fields responsible for mass-selective axial ejection (MSAE) of ions trapped in a linear quadrupole ion trap have been studied using a combination of analytic theory and computer modeling. Axial ejection occurs as a consequence of the trapped ions' radial motion, which is characterized by extrema that are phase-synchronous with the local RF potential. As a result, the net axial electric field experienced by ions in the fringe region, over one RF cycle, is positive. This axial field depends strongly on both the axial and radial ion coordinates. The superposition of a repulsive potential applied to an exit lens with the diminishing quadrupole potential in the fringing region near the end of a quadrupole rod array can give rise to an approximately conical surface on which the net axial force experienced by an ion, averaged over one RF cycle, is zero. This conical surface has been named the cone of reflection because it divides the regions of ion reflection and ion ejection. Once an ion penetrates this surface, it feels a strong net positive axial force and is accelerated toward the exit lens. As a consequence of the strong dependence of the axial field on radial displacement, trapped thermalized ions can be ejected axially from a linear ion trap in a mass-selective way when their radial amplitude is increased through a resonant response to an auxiliary signal.