Preventive effect of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3against lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic and renal injury in rats

The preventive effect of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (20(S)-Rg3) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative tissue injury in rats was investigated in this study. The elevated serum nitrite/nitrate, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and creatinine levels in LPS-treated control rats were significantly decreased following 15 consecutive days of 20(S)-Rg3 administration. In addition, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels in the serum, liver and kidney were dose-dependently lower in 20(S)-Rg3-treated groups than in the LPS-treated control group. The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expressions in the liver and kidney were significantly increased by LPS treatment. However, the 20(S)-Rg3 administrations significantly decreased these protein expressions except for HO-1 in the liver. On the other hand, in the kidney, oral administration of 20(S)-Rg3 showed a tendency to reduce NF-κB and iNOS protein expressions and also significantly reduced the elevated COX-2 and HO-1 protein expressions at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight/day. All these results suggest the preventive effect of 20(S)-Rg3 against LPS-induced acute oxidative damage in the liver and kidney and the preventive effect of 20(S)-Rg3 administration against LPS toxicity was thought to be more predominant in the liver than kidney.