Electrochemical and atomic force microscopy investigations of the effect of CdS on the local electrical properties of CH3NH3PbI3:CdS perovskite solar cells

The effect of the incorporated CdS on the local optoelectronic properties of CH₃NH₃PbI₃:CdS bulk heterojunction (BHJ) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are studied using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).