High-speed single-pixel imaging by frequency-time-division multiplexing

We propose and experimentally demonstrate high-speed single-pixel imaging by integrating frequency-division multiplexing and time-division multiplexing (techniques used widely in telecommunications) and applying the combined technique, namely, frequency-time-division multiplexing (FTDM), to optical imaging. Specifically, FTDM single-pixel imaging uses an array of broadband, spatially distributed, dual-frequency combs (i.e., spatial dual combs) for multidimensional illumination and detects an image-encoded time-domain signal with a single-pixel photodetector in a FTDM manner. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we use the method to show ultrafast two-color (bright-field and fluorescence) single-pixel microscopy of breast cancer cells at a high frame rate of 32,000 fps and ultrafast image velocimetry of fluorescent particles flowing at a high speed of ${ \gt }{2}\;{\rm m/s}$>2m/s.