Advanced ceramic components: Materials, fabrication, and applications

The global demand for ceramic materials with wide-ranging applications in the environment, precision tools, biomedical, and electronics, and environmental fields is on the increase. Several ceramic materials and methods of fabrication have been developed with task-specific properties. The material, the fabrication methods, and processing conditions impel characteristics including corrosion-resistant, outstanding optical and electrical properties, hardness and anti-aging. In this review, various materials for the preparation of ceramics and ceramic composites components were investigated to demonstrate the contribution of the materials and different fabrication methods to the properties of the ceramics components. The material properties, sintering temperature, casting technique, and pressure influences the ceramics grain size and porosity, which have an explicit effect on mechanical strength, corrosion-resistant, and optical properties of the ceramic components. The finishing of the ceramic components into a machinable shape requires careful attention to avoid defects. However, most conventional finishing methods are cost-intensive, hence, the need to commercialize 3-D printing for large scale and long-run applications. It is hoped that this review would propagate wider research on low cost and energy effective pathways to produce ceramics with dynamic properties, which can be applied in several fields with outstanding performance.