Recent advances in metal–organic framework-based materials for removal of fluoride in water: Performance, mechanism, and potential practical application

Clean water is necessary in all areas of life, especially for our body. Fluoride in water has serious negative effects on human health and the environment. Effectively repairing fluoride-polluted water remains a critical mission. Among the numerous technologies for removing fluoride from water, metal–organic framework (MOF) materials are regarded as promising adsorption materials. In this study, the synthesis of MOFs and their application progress in aquatic defluoridation in recent years, which are classified according to the central metal ions, are reviewed. In particular, an understanding of the effect factors for water remediation is provided, and the potential environmental application is analyzed. The adsorption mechanism and the evaluation on potential practical applications for fluoride removal by different MOFs are elucidated. Finally, future research opportunities and prospects of MOF-based materials for fluoride removal are proposed.