[Prevention and treatment of postoperative complications of esophageal cancer].

Surgery is the primary treatment for esophageal cancer, but the postoperative complication rate remains high. Therefore, it is important to prevent and manage postoperative complications to improve prognosis. Common perioperative complications of esophageal cancer include anastomotic leakage, gastrointestinal tracheal fistula, chylothorax, and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Respiratory and circulatory system complications, such as pulmonary infection, are also quite common. These surgery-related complications are independent risk factors for cardiopulmonary complications. Complications, such as long-term anastomotic stenosis, gastroesophageal reflux, and malnutrition are also common after esophageal cancer surgery. By effectively reducing postoperative complications, the morbidity and mortality of patients can be reduced, and their quality of life can be improved.手术治疗是食管癌最重要的治疗方式，但食管癌手术尤其是新辅助放化疗后手术后并发症发生率一直较高。因此，如何预防食管癌术后并发症的发生，发生后又如何进行处理，对于患者的预后具有重要的临床意义。食管癌围手术期与手术相关常见并发症包括吻合口漏、消化道气管瘘、乳糜胸和喉返神经损伤等；同时，以肺部感染为代表的呼吸和循环系统并发症也并不少见。食管癌手术相关并发症是心肺并发症的绝对高危因素。此外，食管癌术后远期吻合口狭窄、胃食管反流和营养不良等并发症也较为常见。有效地降低食管癌的术后并发症发生率，对改善患者预后和术后生活质量有重要意义。.