Review of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods for lithium-ion battery diagnostics and their limitations

Abstract Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a measurement method widely used for non-destructive analysis and diagnostics in various electrochemical fields. From the measured dependence of the battery impedance on the frequency, it is possible to determine the parameters of various equivalent electrical circuit models of the battery. The conventional method of battery measurement using single-sine EIS is currently one of the most widely used methods for the analysis of lithium-ion batteries. However, its most significant disadvantage is the relatively long measurement time. For this reason, there is a growing demand for faster methods using fast-Fourier transform or pseudo-random sequences. A description of various EIS methods applications is provided in this paper. Graphical abstract