The rapid development of the Internet has made our lives more convenient, and the accompanying security issues are gradually affecting our lives. Although certain protective measures have been taken, such as firewalls and antivirus software, one approach alone is insufficient to counter complex and ever-changing network attacks. Situation awareness can comprehensively and dynamically perceive the network environment, effectively resolving network threats. This article conducts in-depth research on situation assessment and prediction in network security situational awareness technology and improves the LeNet-5 model. The model has an accuracy of 97.43% on KDDCup99 and 90.12% on UNSW-NB15, which has improved the performance when compared to the initial LeNet-5 model and some classic models.