Factors influencing users' willingness to use visual training applications: ARCS motivation theory and Fogg's behavioral model

Scientific and rational visual training is an important way to avoid visual problems in the elderly. Current visual ability training suffers from a small range of users and low participation, and few studies have focused on the motivation of older users to participate in training and whether there are differences in motivation between older users and users of other age groups. This study investigated the factors influencing the willingness to use visual ability training applications in terms of both user motivation and behavioral ability and constructed a hypothesis model based on ARCS motivation theory and the Fogg Behavior model (FBM). To see if there were differences in influencing factors among users from different backgrounds, four moderating variables were introduced: age, gender, education level, and self-assessment of visual ability. All the design strategies involved are then presented in a storyboard format. 192 participants viewed the storyboard and completed the corresponding questionnaire on their willingness to use visual ability training. The findings show that attention has a significant positive effect on satisfaction and an indirect positive effect on the willingness to use. Satisfaction and behavioral competence had a significant positive effect on willingness to use. Age, gender, education level, and self-rated visual ability had moderating effects in the influence factor model. This study can provide a reference for the design of visual training applications for the elderly to enhance users' willingness to use them.