The attenuating effects of synbiotic containing Cetobacterium somerae and Astragalus polysaccharide against trichlorfon-induced hepatotoxicity in crucian carp (Carassius carassius)

This study aimed to investigate the hepatotoxic effects of trichlorfon on crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and the attenuating effects of a synbiotic combination of Cetobacterium somerae and Astragalus polysaccharide on hepatotoxicity. Results showed that trichlorfon did indeed induce hepatotoxicity in crucian carp and the synbiotic reversed this hepatotoxicity caused by trichlorfon. The synbiotic increased TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT and AST levels and decreased serum HDL-C levels caused by trichlorfon. H&E and Oil Red O staining demonstrated that the synbiotic ameliorated liver damage and abnormal lipid accumulation. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) in the liver was also enhanced by the administration of the synbiotic. The supplementation of the synbiotic also increased the level of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine. In addition, the synbiotic balanced the gut microbial composition, leading to a reduction in the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria and an increase in the abundance of bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, these findings indicate that trichlorfon can induce hepatotoxicity in crucian carp, whereas synbiotics can regulate gut microbiota, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and increase the production of SCFAs, and alleviate trichlorfon-induced liver injury.