DNA nanoprobes for detection and imaging of glycoproteins

Aberrant glycoforms of glycoproteins, resulting from changes in their post-translational modification patterns, are often linked to the onset of various disorders. Early detection and identification of these glycoforms are crucial for timely diagnosis, prognosis, and drug treatment. In the medical and biological fields, various methods have been developed to analyze specific glycoproteins. Recently, DNA nanoprobes have emerged as a promising molecular probing technology for detecting and visualizing molecular markers, including glycoproteins. Compared to other detection methods, DNA nanoprobes offer advantages such as ease of labeling, high biocompatibility, and remarkable signal amplification. However, there is no comprehensive review yet on the use of DNA nanoprobes for glycoprotein detection and imaging. This article aims to address this gap and provide a detailed discussion of the utilization of DNA nanoprobes for detecting and imaging glycoproteins. Specifically, we explore the immobilization of DNA nanoprobes on cell membranes, methods for signal generation, and in situ signal amplification approaches based on DNA nanoprobes. Additionally, we provide insights into the current state of development of DNA nanoprobes for glycoprotein detection, including their advantages and limitations. Overall, this review highlights the potential of DNA nanoprobes as a powerful tool for detecting and imaging glycoproteins, and provides a comprehensive overview of the current advancements in this field.